Just because cats carry some diseases doesn’t mean you’re going to get sick from owning a cat as a pet. So there’s no need for panic. Lots of animals carry diseases, because at one time they were all wild instead of domesticated.
For a list of cat-related diseases, I suggest browsing the CDC website here.
In most cases you aren’t likely to get many of these diseases from your cat, but more likely from eating raw meat and things of that nature that also spread those kinds of bacteria infections.